Read the npm guide if you are starting out with npm, itâs going to go in a lot of the basic details of it. When you install a package using npm (or yarn), you can perform 2 types of installation. A local install; a global install; By default, when you type an npm install command, like. Npm install lodash the package is installed in the current file tree, under the nodemodules subfolder.
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npm (originally short for Node Package Manager)[3] is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language. It is the default package manager for the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js. It consists of a command line client, also called npm, and an online database of public and paid-for private packages, called the npm registry. The registry is accessed via the client, and the available packages can be browsed and searched via the npm website. The package manager and the registry are managed by npm, Inc.
![]() History[edit]
npm is written entirely in JavaScript and was developed by Isaac Z. Schlueter as a result of having 'seen module packaging done terribly' and with inspiration from other similar projects such as PEAR (PHP) and CPAN (Perl).[4]
Notable breakages[edit]
Description[edit]
npm is included as a recommended feature in Node.js installer.[13] npm consists of a command line client that interacts with a remote registry. It allows users to consume and distribute JavaScript modules that are available on the registry.[14]Packages on the registry are in CommonJS format and include a metadata file in JSON format.[15]Over 477,000 packages are available on the main npm registry.[16] The registry has no vetting process for submission, which means that packages found there can be low quality, insecure, or malicious.[15] Instead, npm relies on user reports to take down packages if they violate policies by being low quality, insecure or malicious.[17] npm exposes statistics including number of downloads and number of depending packages to assist developers in judging the quality of packages.[18]
In npm version 6, the audit feature was introduced to help developers identify and fix vulnerability and security issues in installed packages.[19] The source of security issues were taken from reports found on the Node Security Platform (NSP), and has been integrated with npm since npm's acquisition of NSP.[20]
Usage[edit]
npm can manage packages that are local dependencies of a particular project, as well as globally-installed JavaScript tools.[21]When used as a dependency manager for a local project, npm can install, in one command, all the dependencies of a project through the
package.json file.[22] In the package.json file, each dependency can specify a range of valid versions using the semantic versioning scheme, allowing developers to auto-update their packages while at the same time avoiding unwanted breaking changes.[23]npm also provides version-bumping tools for developers to tag their packages with a particular version.[24] npm also provides the package-lock.json [25] file which has the entry of the exact version used by the project after evaluating semantic versioning in package.json .
Alternatives[edit]
There are a number of open-source alternatives to npm for installing modular JavaScript, including ied, pnpm, npmd, and Yarn, the last of which was released by Facebook in October 2016.[26] They are all compatible with the public npm registry and use it by default, but provide different client-side experiences, usually focused on improving performance and determinism compared to the npm client.[27]
At JSConf 2019 npm's former CTO announced a new federated package registry Entropic which is aimed at decentralisation of Javascript commons. [28]
See also[edit]References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Npm_(software)&oldid=900121477'
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